Apparatus for determining the direction of space-telegraph signals.



J. S. STONE.

APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF SPAGE TELEGRAPH SIGNALS- APPLICATION FILED APR. 15,.1909.

961,265; Patented June 14,1910.

2 QKEETS-BHERT' 1.

J. S. STONE.

APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF SPACE TELEGRAPH SIGNALS.

APPLICATION FILED APB..16, 1909.

961,265. Patented June 14,1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Figs- WITHEgEEE: \/E: \l'rcu= 6% W A #1 SASKL QQJ ZWQM A UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN STONE STONE,- 0F BOSTON. MASSACHUSETTS.

APPARATUS FOR'DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF SPACE-TELEGRAPH SIGNALS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed Apri1 15,-I-1909. Serial No. 490,134.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it'known that I, JoHN STONE ST NE, a

citizen of the United States; and a resident of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Ap aratus for Deemanate may be determined without changing the position of the elevated receiving conductors relatively to the direction of motion of said waves as is necessary in employing the apparatus set forth'in my Let ters Patent No. 716,135, dated December 16,-

In carrying out my invention I employ? two separated elevated receiving conductors,

the separation thereof having no relation to the length of the wave to be received, each provided with a receiving circuit and an electrical system which I- shall hereinafter designate an artificial line associated ,with one or both of said receiving circuits, so that by suitable adjustment of the connection or connections of an oscillation detector with respect to one or both of said artificial lines, the response of said detector to the oscillations. developed in the elevated conductors will be reduced to a minimum or rendered zero.

The drawings which accompany andform a part of this specification represent in diagrammatic form several systems embodying the principle of my invention.

In the drawings Figures 1 and are diagrams representing direction-finder systems each employing two artificial linesyFig; 3 represents-a direction-finder system employing one artificial line, and Fig. 4 is a diagram representing a ship provided with two antennae and employed for more fully- V explaining the theory of my. invention.

primary ary I, is movable with respect to the primary I C C C, C are condensers.

W is an oscillation detector.

B is a battery.

T is a signal indicating device such as a telephone.

R R are resistances.

K K are artificial lines, or. slow speed conductors having distributed inductances 1 per unit of length and distributed capacity a per unit of length, such for example as those referred to in my Letters Patent No. 802,424, dated October 24, 1905] The condensers G G may be employed to adjust the elevated conductors to the frequency n of the waves to be received. The

jnon-in-ductive resistances R It, may be emlployed to prevent terminal reflection and where o is the velocity of propagation,

R and R- When the terminal resistances R R are relatively large as shown in Fig. l, the condensers C C may be connected in shunt, and when as shown in Fig. 2 said terminal resistances are relatively small, the condensers may be connected in series with the secondaries of the transformers M M.

If periodic forces of equal amplitudes and of frequency n act upon the two elevated conductors, the amplitudes of the forces at any points as a and a on K and K may be made equal by adjusting the relative values of the mutual inductances M M, as by adjusting the position of the secondary I, or the secondary I or both, without disturbing the phase relation between the forces at a, a.

If two periodic forces equal in amplitude and frequency, but diifering in phase by an angle 0 act separately and simultaneously upon the elevated conductors V V7, the phases of the forces at the points a and a, when w'- :w', will differ by the same angle 6, but by adjusting the contact a, or the contact a, or both, relative .to each other,-points on K and K may be found where sald forces -are in phase.' The conductors K K may- Patented June 14, 1910.

therefore be calibrated and furnished with a scale from which readings of the values of wm determined as above will give the value of for frequency n, and for other frequencies the readin by a constant to give t e va ues of 0. i aving determined the value of 0, the angle between the line joining the elevated conductors and the point from which the waves v emanate may be found, and accordingly the said scale may be calibrated to give said angle directly.

Assuming that the elevated conductors V V. are located on shi board, the procedure for determining the direction of emanation of electromagnetic waves from a distant point is as follows First, adjust one of the contacts as a with respect to the other until a minimum response in the receiver T is obtained. Second, adjust one of the transformers as M by varying the position of one of ,its windin s until a .minlmum of the said minimum is obtained. Third, readjust the contact a with respect to at until a further minimum is obtained, and then if necessary readjust M untila further reduction in the response of the receiver is obtained When such minimum of response is obtained, the

" scale will give the angle 5 and the bearing of the ship with respect to the point of emanation of the waves is obtained.

The conditions for a balance or minimum response in the receiver are and where is the force at w and 'uation constant and ,B

is the force at :viand where E and are the amplitudes of the forces at the terminals of I and I respectively, a. and B are constants hereinafter defined, a being the attenbeing the space-phase constant, and p=21rn.

, Condition 1 may be obtained by giving the, ratio a the pro er value without aflectin condition (2). ondition (2) may be '0 tained by iving a:w' the roper value without afecting condition 1). When conditions (1) and (2) are realized the response of the re- 'eeiver will be m'l. Referring to Fi 4 in ,which the lines Y Y represent the waves actin upon the elevated conductors emanate, r t e diflerence in travel between the waves which impinge upon the conductor V and those which impinge upon the conductor V, h the distance between said ma be multi lied irection from'which theconductors, 4; the angle between Y and h, ind b a line from V perpendicular to r, we

ave

For very high frequences such as occur in wireless telegraphy, the impedances of the coils I5 and 1, W111 e practically Lpand L p, and therefore the currents in the coils I, and

I, will be p v v IM L I M'p L v e a-WW cos.(pt.+0 tan. 1, res ctively.

(pt.+0tan. 3

respectively. a

he electromotive forces at -the terminals .of said coils will be The electromotive forces at the points as and m willbe IMpR' I i: w {WT/ e cos.(pt tan. 1

or, when Condition (2) for a balance therefore be-.

COIIIBS In theseexpressions /W P P P,

where p is the resistance per unit length of the conductors K and K and 54% WWW For very high frequencies -2 E 2\ z and fi= 4 1 If further we have the relation 1 V #07, then L f v 200 and Condition (1) therefore becomes, for I 1 M 5% E V -2% and condition (2) becomes therefore cosr if the 'u in the artificial lines is the same as that of the waves.

When 1 =O, h= m-:z:.

-When =g, w=w.

When ;S='7r, h --ww. When 95 =g7r, a;=w.

It will be understood that when the waves are not continuous but are transmitted in trains and when they are not simple harmonic, the foregoing equations will be suitably modified in accordance with the log arithmic decrement and that the method of .procedure above outlined still applies.

The condensers G and C are employed to tune the receiving circuits which include the secondaries I I, to the frequency of the waves the energy of which is to be received.

In the system shown in Fig. 3 where only one artificial line K associated with one of the receiving circuits is employed and the oscillation detector is operatively associated with said artificial line and with the other receiving circuit, a point an, oil the artificial line may be found at which the response of the receiver is a minimum. In this case the procedure above outlined of varying the mutual inductance M and the position of the contact a will be followed.

' The system represented in Fig. 3, as well as those shown in Figs. 1 and 2, comprises as its salient features two electrical systems, each associated witha different one of the V elevated receiving conductors, and means for balancing both the phases and the amplitudes of the currents developed by electromagnetic waves in said systems with respect to the oscillation-detector without changing the positions of the elevated receiving conductors relatively to the direction of motion of said waves.

It will be understood that my invention as hereinbefore described may be subjected to a widerange of variation without departing from the principles underlying the same. The points 03 03' may if desired be earthed, as in Fig. l, or conductively connected by a line wire as in Figs. 2 and 3.

I claim:

1. An apparatus for determining the direceiving conductors, two artificial lines each connected with a different one of said receiving circuitsand an oscillation-detector 7 connected with said artificial lines.

- 2. An apparatus for determining the direction of space telegraph signals'comprising two separated elevated receiving conductors, two receiving circuits each associated with a different one of said elevated receiving conductors, an artificial line connected with one of said receiving circuits changing the positions ofsaid elevated receiving conductors relatively to the direction of motionv of said electromagnetic waves.- Y

4. An apparatus for determining-the direction of space telegraph si als comprisinga plurallty' of separated e l vated receiving conductors, an oscillation detector, means for conveying the oscillationsdeveloped by the received waves from said elevated conductors to said oscillation detector and means for so varying" the phases and amplitudes,

of said osclllatlons so conveyed to said oscillation detector asto cause them to neutralize each other in their-'efiect upon said detector.

lngtestimony whereof, I have hereunto JOHN STONE STONE. j

Witnesses:

GEO. 'K. WOODWOBTH, E. B. ToMLmsoN.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 961,265, granted June 14, 1910',

upon the application of John Stone Stone, of Boston, Massachusetts, for an improvement in Apparatus for Determining the Direction of Space-Telegraph Signals, errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page l, line '64, after the word inductances the numeral 1 (unity) should read (a (letter); pageB, line 4, the last symbol in the equation preceding 13% for the sign read; same page, line 37, the equation fl= aware should read ak 4mm I and that the 'said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 5th day of July, A. D., 1910.

many F. A. TENNANT,

Acti/ng Commissioner of Patents.

subscribcd'my name this 12th day of April 4 0 

